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A library catalogue box of select events used in the exhibition

  • Versailles Rhino: 1770-1793
  • South African border wars: -1990
  • Hagenbeck’s Zoo, Hamburg: 1863
  • Rudolf II purchase: 1597
  • Dissection of ZSL rhino London: 1849
  • Dead Zoo Gang arrested: 2016
  • Smithsonian-Roosevelt African Expedition: 1909-1915
  • Dürer’s Rhino: 1515
  • Clara the Dutch Rhino: 1738-1758
  • White Rhinoceros Diorama AMNH: 1937
  • Rhodes donation to SA Museum: 1895

The videos in the crates contain a deconstructed timeline of rhino events:

C. 475-221 BC A BRONZE WINE CONTAINER DEPICTING A DOUBLE-HORNED RHINO IS MADE IN CHINA, EASTERN ZHOU DYNASTY, ITS REALISM SUGGESTING THE PRESENCE OF A CAPTIVE RHINOCEROS

275 BC   PTOLEMY II PHILADELPHUS HOLDS A PROCESSION IN ALEXANDRIA THAT INCLUDES ‘ONE AETHIOPIAN RHINOCEROS’

100 BC STRABO SPECULATES IN HIS WORK GEOGRAPHY ABOUT THE SIZE OF THE RHINOCEROS

55 BC A RHINOCEROS IS SEEN AT ROME AT THE GREAT SPECTACULA STAGED BY POMPEY

29 BC EMPEROR AUGUSTUS HOLDS ‘THE GAMES OF AUGUSTUS’ IN ROME AT WHICH WILD BEASTS AND TAME ANIMALS ARE SLAIN IN VAST NUMBERS, AMONG THEM A RHINOCEROS

2 AD THE COUNTRY HUANG-CHI (MALAYSIAN PENINSULA) SENDS A LIVE RHINOCEROS AS A TRIBUTE TO THE COURT OF CHINA 

8 AD A RHINOCEROS IS “OVERCOME” BY AN ELEPHANT AT GAMES ORGANISED BY AUGUSTUS

83 AD  COPPER COINS WITH AN IMAGE OF A RHINO ARE MINTED IN ROME

81 AD  THE ROMAN COLOSSEUM OPENS AND 9 000 ANIMALS ARE SLAUGHTERED, INCLUDING A RHINOCEROS

148 AD GAMES ARE HELD TO CELEBRATE THE TENTH ANNIVERSARY OF EMPEROR ANTONINUS PIUS IN WHICH RHINCEROS ARE SHOWN

C. 168-188 AD   KIU-CHEN OF TONKIN SENDS A RHINOCEROS TO THE CHINESE COURT

C. 180-192 AD   THE EMPEROR COMMODUS PERSONALLY SLAYS VARIOUS ANIMALS IN THE CIRCUS, INCLUDING AT LEAST ONE RHINO 

2 AD A ROMAN STATUETTE OF A DOUBLE-HORNED RHINO IS PRESENT IN PORT VENDRES, FRANCE

C. 211-217  A MEDAL DEPICTING A WRECKED SHIP AND A SINGLE-HORNED RHINOCEROS IS PRODUCED IN ROME

C. 218-222    EGYPTIAN ANIMALS ARE IMPORTED TO ROME DURING THE REIGN OF ANTONIUS ELEGABALUS, AMONG THEM A RHINOCEROS AND A CROCODILE

248 A LARGE NUMBER OF ‘EXOTIC’ ANIMALS ARE SHOWN BY PHILIP THE ARABIAN IN ROME, INCLUDING A SINGLE RHINOCEROS 

548 COSMAS INDICOPLEUSTES DESCRIBES SEEING THE SKIN OF A DEAD RHINOCEROS STUFFED WITH CHAFF, STANDING IN THE ROYAL PALACE IN ETHIOPIA

C. 620 THE CHAMS OF CHAMPA SEND A TAME RHINO TO CH’ANG-AN, CHINA

640 THE PEOPLE OF CHAMPA SEND 11 RHINOS “COMMUNICATING WITH THE SKY” TO CHINA

730 A RHINOCEROS IS SENT TO CHINA AS A TRIBUTE FROM PERSIA

797 A TAME RHINO KEPT IN THE SHANG-LIN PALACE DIES DUE TO COLD WEATHER, LATER YUAN CHEN AND PO KU-I COMPOSE A POEM COMMEMORATING THE RHINO

824 TIBET SENDS A MENAGERIE OF ANIMALS, INCLUDING A RHINOCEROS, TO CHINA

C. 975-996 IN EGYPT, A RHINOCEROS WITH A SINGLE HORN DIES IN TRANSIT TO THE CITY, ITS SKIN IS STUFFED WITH HAY AND EXHIBITED IN CAIRO

12TH – 13TH CENTURY A BASE RELIEF SCULPTURE SHOWING A ONE-HORNED RHINOCEROS CARRYING AGNI, THE HINDU GOD OF FIRE, IS MADE IN THE ANGKOR-VAT TEMPLE, CAMBODIA

1498  VASCO DA GAMA ROUNDS THE CAPE AFTER DEPARTING FROM PORTUGAL,  AND REACHES CALCUTTA, INDIA

1502 LUDOVICO DI VARTHEMA FROM BOLOGNA SEES AN ENCLOSURE WITH “LIVE UNICORNS” IN MECCA, SAUDI ARABIA

1503 VASCO DA GAMA BRINGS BACK A GOLD TRIBUTE FROM THE KING OF TANZANIA AS A SYMBOL IF VASSALAGE TO THE KING OF PORTUGAL. IT IS MADE INTO THE BELEM MONSTRANCE

1515  ALBRECHT DÜRER PRODUCES A WOOD ENGRAVING OF THE RHINOCEROS, GANDA

1515  THE NOSSA SENHORA DA AJUDA SETS SAIL FROM GOA FOR LISBON WITH SPICES AND AN INDIAN RHINOCEROS IN ITS HULL

1516  GANDA’S BODY IS WASHED ASHORE OFF THE COAST OF MARSEILLES

1533 POPE CLEMENT VII OFFERS A UNICORN HORN OF TWO CUBITS LONG TO KING FRANCIS I OF FRANCE AT THE WEDDING OF HIS NIECE CATHERINE DE’ MEDICI

1544 FERNAO MENDES PINTO CLAIMS THAT DURING THE SIEGE OF PEKING THE ARMY OF THE KINGS OF THE TARTARS INCLUDED FOUR SCORE THOUSAND RHINOCEROSES

1550 TRAVELLER ANDRÉ THEVET SEES A RHINO IN THE CASTLE OF CAIRO, DESCRIBING IT AS HAVING “FOUR LEGS, A SINGLE HORN ON THE SNOUT” AND BEING “THE ENEMY OF THE ELEPHANT”

1551  DÜRER’S RHINO IS REPRODUCED IN CONRAD GESNER’S HISTORIA ANIMALIUM

1575 IN ALEPPO, SYRIA, A RHINOCEROS IS CARRIED THROUGH THE TOWN TO CONSTANTINOPLE, HAVING KILLED “ABOUT 20 MEN” BEFORE IT WAS CAPTURED 

1581  A SECOND RHINOCEROS, ABADA, SENT FROM INDIA TO KING PHILLIP, ARRIVES IN LISBON

1586 PHILIPPE GALLE PRODUCES AN ENGRAVING OF THE SECOND LISBON RHINOCEROS

1616 ULISSE ALDROVANDI DEPICTS A HORSE-LIKE CREATURE WITH RHINO-LIKE HORNS IN DE QUADRUPEDIBUS

17TH CENTURY A MINIATURE OF TWO RHINOS ATTACKING AN ELEPHANT IS MADE DURING THE TIME OF THE MUGHAL EMPEROR JAHANGIR

1603 BONES AND THE HORN FROM KING PHILLIP’S DEAD RHINO ARE SENT TO RUDOLF II OF AUSTRIA

1607  DÜRER’S RHINO IS REPRODUCED IN EDWARD TOPSELL’S THE HISTORY OF FOUR-FOOTED BEASTS

1620 A TURKISH ILLUSTRATION SHOWS A SINGLE-HORNED RHINO GIFTED TO THE TURKISH SULTAN OSMAN II BY A PERSIAN AMBASSADOR

1647 MERKLEIN REPORTS THAT A YOUNG RHINOCEROS WAS CAPTURED IN JAVA, IT REFUSED TO EAT AND DIED WITHIN DAYS

1650 THE KING OF MATARAM IN SOUTH CENTRAL JAVA KEEPS RHINOCEROS TO ENTERTAIN AND HUNT

1669  ALBRECHT HERPORT PRODUCES AN ENGRAVING OF THE CAPE OF GOOD HOPE THAT INCLUDES A COPY OF DÜRER’S RHINO IN THE FOREGROUND

1669 A RHINOCEROS IS PARADED IN THE COURT OF KING KHAN ABDUL AZIZ IN BUKHORO, UZBEKISTAN

1675 JEAN-BAPTISTE CHARDIN ILLUSTRATES A ONE-HORNED RHINOCEROS FROM THE ROYAL STABLES AT ESFAHAN, IRAN

1675  ATHANASIUS KIRCHER PUBLISHES HIS TREATISE ON ARCA NOË

1676 ENGLISHMAN JOHN FRYER SEES A RHINOCEROS SAID TO HAVE COME FROM ‘BENGALA,’ KEPT BY THE EMPEROR OF ESFAHAN, IRAN 

1677 A DUTCH EAST INDIA COMPANY SHIP BRINGS THE REMAINS OF A YOUNG RHINOCEROS, “PRESERVED IN SALT” TO AMSTERDAM

1684  AN INDIAN RHINOCEROS VALUED AT £2000 ARRIVES IN LONDON AND IS SHOWN AT THE BELL SAVAGE INN, WHERE PATRONS PAY TWO SHILLING PER RIDE

1699 A RHINO GIVEN TO THE KING OF PERSIA DIES IN TRANSIT, IT CONTAINS A BESOARD STONE THAT IS PRESERVED IN THE CABINET DU ROI, PARIS

1718 THE FIRST EUROPEAN DESCRIPTION OF A SUMATRAN RHINO IS PUBLISHED

1719 KOLB PUBLISHES AN ACCURATE DESCRIPTION OF THE BLACK RHINOCEROS IN HIS ‘CAPUT BONAE SPEI HODIERNUM”

C. 1720 A TAME RHINOCEROS IS SEEN IN BATAVIA

1734 JAN WANDELAAR DRAWS THE REMAINS OF A RHINO ON EXHIBITION IN THE GALLERY OF THE BOTANICAL GARDEN OF THE UNIVERSITY OF LEIDEN, HOLLAND

1737  A RHINOCEROS DIES ON BOARD THE SHAFTESBURY, EN ROUTE TO LONDON

1741  THE FIFTH INDIAN RHINOCEROS IN EUROPE IS SENT FROM BENGAL TO HOLLAND 

1748 CLARA THE RHINO ARRIVES IN PARIS AND IS HOSTED BY LOUIS XV

1749 JEAN BAPTISTE OUDRY PAINTS A PORTRAIT OF THE “DUTCH” RHINO CLARA

1751 PIETRO LONGHI PAINTS THE “DUTCH RHINOCEROS” IN VENICE 

1758  LINNAEUS CLASSIFIES RHINOCEROS UNICORNIS

1767 THE GERMAN BOTANIST AND TRAVELLER, SAMUEL GOTTLIEB GMELIN, ARGUES THERE IS ONLY ONE SPECIES OF RHINO, BORN WITHOUT HORNS, WHICH GAINS UP TO THREE HORNS AS IT AGES

1769  A MALE INDIAN RHINOCEROS, GIFT TO THE KING FROM JEAN-BAPTISTE CHEVALIER, FRENCH GOVERNOR OF CHANDANNAGAR IN WEST BENGAL, LEAVES CALCUTTA 

1770  LOUIS XV PROCURES AN INDIAN RHINOCEROS. IT SURVIVES THE FRENCH REVOLUTION AND REMAINS AT VERSAILLES UNTIL ITS DEATH IN 1793

1777 PETRUS CAMPER MAKES A STUDY OF THE VERSAILLES RHINO, NOTING A SINGLE HORN AND THE WRINKLED SKIN

1786 A JUVENILE JAVANESE RHINOCEROS DIES FROM INFLAMED WOUNDS AFTER BEING TETHERED IN A BAMBOO CAGE EN ROUTE TO CIREBON

1793 THE RHINOCEROS THAT LIVED AT ROYAL MENAGERIE IN VERSAILLES IS KILLED BY A REVOLUTIONARY

1793   THE VICQ D’AZYR PERFORMS THE FIRST EVER DISSECTION OF AN INDIAN RHINO ON ONE SOURCED FROM THE ROYAL MENAGERIE IN VERSAILLES

1794 THE VERSAILLES RHINO IS MOUNTED USING MODERN TAXIDERMY PROCESSES FRO THE FIRST TIME. IT REMAINS ON DISPLAY AT THE GRANDE GALERIE DE L’EVOLUTION, MNHN, PARIS

1795 PIDCOCK’S ZOOLOGICAL EXHIBITION OPENS IN LONDON

1799 A YOUNG JAVANESE RHINO IS SHIPPED BY GEORG SCHOLL FROM THE CAPE OF GOOD HOPE IN SOUTH AFRICA TO VIENNA, PERISHING EN ROUTE. ITS REMAINS ARE GIVEN TO VIENNA’S NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM 

1810 WILLIAM BURCHELL COLLECTS SPECIMENS OF THE WHITE RHINO AND DONATES THEM TO THE TO THE BRITISH MUSEUM, NATURAL HISTORY IN 1815

1811 WHEN HIS INK HAD DRIED UP, WILLIAM BURCHELL WRITES HIS DETAILED MORPHOLOGICAL DESCRIPTIONS OF A DICEROS BICORNIS IN SOUTH AFRICA WITH THE ANIMAL’S BLOOD

1816 A JAVANESE RHINO IS CAPTURED IN KEDDU PROVINCE AND TRANSPORTED BY CART TO THE ROYAL RESIDENCE OF SURAKARTA. IT IS LATER REMOVED FROM THE PALACE DUE TO “UNPLEASANT ODOURS”

1817  WILLIAM BURCHELL FIRST DESCRIBES THE WHITE RHINOCEROS

1822 SIR TS RAFFLES PRESENTS A SUMATRAN RHINO SKELETON TO THE HUNTERIAN MUSEUM

1823 HORSFIELD ILLUSTRATES A RHINOCEROS IN SURAKARTA, JAVA, AFTER AN 1807 DRAWING BY WILLIAM DANIELL

1824 THE KINGS OF NEPAL BREED THE FIRST KNOWN CAPTIVE INDIAN RHINOCEROS IN THEIR ROYAL GARDENS IN KATHMANDU

1834  THE FIRST RHINOCEROS IN A ZOOLOGICAL GARDEN IS INSTALLED IN REGENT’S PARK GARDENS

1849  SIR RICHARD OWEN DISSECTS A RHINOCEROS UNICORNIS, PURCHASED IN 1834 FOR THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON

1864 A PHOTOGRAPH OF RHINO ‘MISS BET’ IS TAKEN AT LONDON ZOO

1868 THE FIRST KNOWN CAPTIVE BLACK RHINOCEROS SINCE ROMAN TIMES ARRIVES AT LONDON ZOO

1868 P T BARNHAM’S AMERICAN MUSEUM IN NEW YORK IS DESTROYED IN A FIRE

1869 THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY IS FOUNDED IN NEW YORK

1870 BERLIN ZOO’S FEMALE RHINO, MOLLY, FROM ETHIOPIA IS DEPICTED BY C. STEFFECK 

1874 A MALE JAVANESE RHINO ARRIVES AT LONDON ZOO FROM BATAVIA WHERE IT HAD BEEN EXHIBITED IN A TEA GARDEN

C. 1875   FREDERICK YORK TAKES A STEREOSCOPIC PHOTOGRAPH OF A MALE JAVANESE RHINO AT LONDON ZOO

1875 THE SKULL OF A JAVANESE RHINO IS PRESENTED TO THE INDIAN MUSEUM. IT STILL RESIDES IN THE COLLECTION OF THE ZOOLOGICAL SURVEY OF INDIA, CALCUTTA (NO. 19378)

1877 A RHINOCEROS FROM AFRICA “CAUSES HAVOC” ON BOARD THE COLON TRAVELLING FROM NEW YORK TO SAN FRANCISCO

1877 A H GARROD PUBLISHES A PAPER ON THE TAPEWORMS OF A JAVANESE RHINO FROM THE SUNDERBUNDS

1878 FOUR BLACK RHINOS ARE EXHIBITED IN BERLIN AS PART OF HAGENBECK’S NUBIAN CARAVAN

1880 A DEPICTION OF A RHINOCEROS CARRYING A GOD IS PUBLISHED IN A SIAMESE BOOK OF DRAWINGS OF HINDU MYTHOLOGY

1880 A. HEINS DRAWS A MALE INDIAN RHINOCEROS AT ANTWERP

1882 THE FIRST SCIENTIFIC DESCRIPTION OF THE JAVA RHINO IS PUBLISHED

1882 GEORGE BUNNEL, AN AMERICAN AGENT OF THE GERMAN ANIMAL DEALER CARL HAGENBECK, ADVERTISES FOR SALE LARGE TWO-HORNED RHINOCEROSES AND ONE JAVA RHINOCEROS

1884 T. DIXON PHOTOGRAPHS A MALE JAVANESE RHINO AT THE LONDON ZOO

1887 A FEMALE JAVANESE RHINOCEROS FORMS PART OF THE PRIVATE COLLECTION OF THE KING OF OUDH IN CALCUTTA, LIVING FOR AT LEAST 14 YEARS

1887 BEDDARD AND TREVES DISSECT A MALE JAVANESE RHINO FROM LONDON ZOO. FURTHER INVESTIGATION OF THE MUSCLES AND NERVES IS PREVENTED BY THAWING 

1892  RICHARD LYDEKKER WRITES THAT THE HUNTING OF THE WHITE RHINOCEROS HAS BEEN HUNTED ON SUCH A SCALE IT IS LIKELY TO BECOME EXTINCT

1893  ONE OF THE LAST NORTHERN WHITE RHINOCEROSES IS SHOT IN MATABELELAND BY CORYNDON FOR THE ROTHSCHILD COLLECTION AT TRING

1894  TAXIDERMISTS ROWLAND WARD DISPLAY A MOUNTED RHINOCEROS SIMUS, SHOT BY CORYNDON IN 1893

1894  £162  IS RAISED BY  THE UNIVERSITY MUSEUM OF ZOOLOGY, CAMBRIDGE, TO SECURE A SKELETON OF RHINOCEROS SIMUS

1895  CJ RHODES DONATES A WHITE RHINOCEROS SPECIMEN TO THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

1897 A YOUNG FEMALE JAVANESE RHINO FROM LAOS DIES IN TRANSIT TO THE SIAMESE MUSEUM, BANGKOK

1900 POSTCARDS DEPICTING A RHINO ARE PRINTED IN INDIA

1900 IT IS ESTIMATED THAT ONLY ABOUT TEN WHITE RHINOS REMAIN IN SOUTH AFRICA

1901 THEODORE ROOSEVELT PUBLISHES AFRICAN GAME TRAILS

1903 IT IS ESTIMATED THERE ARE LESS THAN 50 WHITE RHINO IN SOUTHERN AFRICA

1905 A MALE RHINOCEROS IS CAUGHT IN A PIT-TRAP IN DINDINGS, MALAYSIA, TRANSPORTED TO PENANG, SOLD TO A MERCHANT IN SINGAPORE, AND THEN EXPORTED TO MADRAS

1906 THE BLACK RHINO FOR THE BRONX ZOO IS THE MOST EXPENSIVE EVER PURCHASED

1907 THE LAST JAVANESE RHINO IN CAPTIVITY DIES AT ADELAIDE ZOO

1907 NEGUS MENELIK II OF ETHIOPIA GIFTS EMPEROR WILHELM II OF GERMANY A FEMALE BLACK RHINOCEROS FROM THE CHOMEN SWAMP, SOUTH WEST OF IMBABO, WESTERN ETHIOPIA

1909 HERBERT LANG FROM THE AMNH DEPARTS FOR THE AMERICAN MUSEUM CONGO EXPEDITION

1910 THIRTEEN RHINOCEROS ARE SENT TO WASHINGTON FROM THE SMITHSONIAN-ROOSEVELT EXPEDITION IN AFRICA

1913 RHINOCEROS SPECIMENS FROM THE SMITHSONIAN-ROOSEVELT EXPEDITION ARE UNVEILED IN WASHINGTON

1915 TEN BLACK RHINOCEROS ARE IN CAPTIVITY ACROSS THE WORLD

1917 A BLACK RHINOCEROS ‘DRUCY’ DIES OF STARVATION DURING WORLD WAR I WHEN FOOD SUPPLIES WERE LOW, AT THE ZOO OF FRANKFURT, GERMANY

1925  COUNT GIUSEPPE DE REALI ASSEMBLES HIS COLLECTION OF HUNTING TROPHIES, DISPLAYED AT THE VENICE MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY

1928 MTOTO, A SIX-MONTHS-OLD BLACK RHINOCEROS IS CAUGHT IN TANZANIA DURING LUTZ HECK’S EXPEDITION

1930 THE NUMBER OF CAPTIVE BLACK RHINOCEROS BEGINS TO RISE

1934 A BLACK RHINO MARY TOURS THE USA AFTER STARRING IN A MGM STUDIOS FILM TARZAN AND HIS MATE, BEFORE BEING SOLD TO A CIRCUS

1936 OPENING OF THE AKELEY HALL OF AFRICAN MAMMALS, AMNH

1937 KATHERINE WARD WEEMS SCULPTS BESSIE FOR THE HARVARD BIOLOGICAL LAB

1941 THE FIRST BLACK RHINO IS BORN IN CAPTIVITY

1943 BLACK RHINO MTOTO DIES IN THE BERLIN ZOO DURING A BOMB ATTACK OF WORLD WAR II 

1946  THE FIRST WHITE RHINOCEROS ZULUANA IS PLACED IN A ZOO IN PRETORIA 

1947 A BLACK RHINO IS CAUGHT AT SINYA, NORTHERN TANZANIA, AND EXHIBITED IN SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA, BEFORE BEING TRANSPORTED BY AIR TO ADELAIDE ZOO

1947 A MALE NORTHERN WHITE RHINO IS CAUGHT BY CARR HARTLEY IN UGANDA AND TAMED. IT STARS IN A NUMBER OF TARZAN MOVIES MADE IN KENYA

1950 THE FIRST WHITE RHINOS APPEAR IN A EUROPEAN ZOO AT ANTWERP, BELGIUM

1955 BILL THE RHINO PERFORMS AT THE RINGLING BROS, BARNUM & BAILEY CIRCUS

1957 A BLACK RHINO SUZE IS SEEN EATING AN INJURED PIGEON AT ARTIS ZOO, AMSTERDAM

1958 THE FIRST BLACK RHINO IS BORN IN CAPTIVITY IN THE BRITISH ISLES

1959 BLACK RHINO OLDEANI DIES OF AN INFECTION AT ARTIS ZOO IN AMSTERDAM AFTER 22 YEARS AT THE ZOO. THE SKULL IS PRESERVED AT THE ZOOLOGICAL MUSEUM IN AMSTERDAM (NO.2452) 

1960 THE NUMBER OF CAPTIVE BLACK RHINOCEROS EXCEEDS 100

1960   THE POACHING OF BLACK RHINOS IN AFRICA STARTS TO ESCALATE

1961 IAN PLAYER LAUNCHES OPERATION RHINO, A CAMPAIGN THAT MOVES 1100 WHITE RHINOS FROM UMFOLOZI TO PRIVATE GAME RESERVES

1961 A MALE RHINO IS CAUGHT IN THE KAOKOFELD, NAMIBIA, AND IMPORTED BY SCHULTZ TO ARTIS ZOO, AMSTERDAM

1962 A BLACK RHINO CONGO DIES OF ENTERITIS AND CHILLING AT DUBLIN ZOO, IRELAND IN A VERY SEVERE WINTER 

1965 LUDWIG ZUKOWSKY ATTEMPTS THE FIRST TAXONOMIC SURVEY AND DESCRIPTION OF THE BLACK RHINO, PROPOSING 16 SUBSPECIES

1967 COLIN P. GROVES PROPOSES SEVEN SUBSPECIES OF THE BLACK RHINOCEROS

1967 FAROE, A FEMALE BLACK RHINO IMPORTED BY HAGENBECK, ESCAPES ITS CAGE AT ARTIS ZOO, AMSTERDAM, AND DIES FROM THE EFFECTS OF A TRANQUILISER

1968   THE HUNTING OF WHITE RHINOS AS A SPORT BEGINS IN SOUTH AFRICA

1969 A WHITE RHINOCEROS IS SHIPPED TO CALCUTTA, INDIA FROM NATAL PROVINCE, SOUTH AFRICA

1970 A GROUP OF 20 WHITE RHINOCEROS ARE IMPORTED BY WHIPSNADE ZOO, LONDON 

1971 THE FIRST WHITE RHINO OUTSIDE AFRICA IS BORN IN HANNOVER, GERMANY

1971 A BLACK RHINO BERTA DIES OF STACHYBOTRYOTOXIXOSUS AT THE ZOOPARK IN ALMA ATA, KAZAKHSTAN

1971 A LARGE SHIPMENT OF SOUTHERN WHITE RHINOS, CAPTURED IN NATAL AT TWO YEARS OF AGE, ARRIVES AT BURGERS ZOO IN ARNHEM, THE NETHERLANDS. 

1971 A SOUTHERN WHITE RHINO IS CAUGHT IN UMFOLOZI AND SENT TO AALBORG ZOO, DENMARK. IT LATER IT RETURNS TO SOUTH AFRICA, TO A PRIVATE PARK, SUN CITY

1971 INTERNATIONAL ANIMAL EXCHANGE IN THE USA IMPORTS 32 WHITE RHINOS FROM NATAL, SOUTH AFRICA

1973 TEN WHITE RHINOS ARE UNCRATED AT LION COUNTRY SAFARI, INC. INTERNATIONAL WILDLIFE PARK IN TEXAS, USA, THE 11TH RHINO DIED AT SEA

1975 DVUR KRALOVE ZOO, CZECH REPUBLIC, IMPORTS SIX NORTHERN WHITE RHINOS FROM SUDAN, THE LARGEST NUMBER IMPORTED IN A SINGLE EVENT TO DATE

1979 A WHITE RHINOCEROS ARRIVES AT RUHR ZOO IN GELSENKIRCHEN, GERMANY IN A POOR STATE, HAVING LOST ITS HORN DURING TRANSFER

1979 SIX WHITE RHINOCEROS ARE TRANSFERRED TO GUNMA SAFARI WORLD IN GUNMA, JAPAN VIA AN ENTITY CALLED INTERNATIONAL ANIMAL EXCHANGE

1979 SOUTH AFRICA AUTHORITIES PROHIBIT THE EXPORT OF HORN

1980 MARY, THE LONGEST LIVING CAPTIVE BLACK RHINO, DIES IN CHICAGO BROOKFIELD AT 45 

1981 A SOUTHERN BLACK RHINO NAKOTI DIES OF A BLOOD DISEASE AT KINGS PARK IN BLOEMFONTEIN, SOUTH AFRICA AND ITS REMAINS ARE SENT TO THE NATIONAL MUSEUM 

1983 A BLACK RHINO LADY DIES IN TRANSIT FROM BERLIN TO HAVANA

1983 A CAPTIVE-BORN SOUTHERN WHITE RHINO FROM A ZOO IN ANTWERP, BELGIUM IS SOLD TO AN UNIDENTIFIED COLLECTION IN KINSHASA, ZAIRE AND DIES IN TRANSIT

1983 A SOUTHERN WHITE RHINOCEROS CHURCHILL IS SENT FROM WARMINSTER TO THE BUDAPEST ZOO, HUNGARY

1983 A WHITE RHINO DIES OF METABOLIC COLLAPSE IN DORTMUND, GERMANY AFTER BEING PUSHED INTO THE MOAT AROUND ITS ENCLOSURE BY ANOTHER RHINO

1986 THE AFRICAN RHINO WORKSHOP, HELD IN CINCINNATI, USA, PRIORITISES CONSERVATION ACTION AND DELIBERATES BLACK RHINO TAXONOMY

1987 A BLACK RHINO FRANS DIES OF A TWISTED GUT IN JOHANNESBURG, SOUTH AFRICA. ITS REMAINS ARE GIVEN TO THE TRANSVAAL MUSEUM AND ITS SKELETON EXHIBITED

1988 THREE RHINOCEROS DIE IN TRANSIT FROM RUHR ZOO IN GERMANY TO SANDTON

1988 VIETNAMESE JAVAN RHINO IS REDISCOVERED AT TIEN NATIONAL PARK, VIETNAM

1989 BLACK RHINO CESTER DIES OF ASPHYXIA AND DERMATITIS ULCEROSUS AT THE ZOOPARK IN ALMA ATA, KAZAKHSTAN. THE REMAINS ARE KEPT AT THE ZOOLOGICAL INSTITUTE

1990 THE NUMBER OF CAPTIVE BLACK RHINOCEROS REACHES 200

1990 THERE ARE AT LEAST TEN KNOWN WHITE RHINOCEROS EXHIBITED IN EUROPEAN CIRCUSES IN ITALY, GERMANY AND THE NETHERLANDS

1990 A WHITE RHINOCEROS DIES IN QUEBEC, CANADA AFTER REGURGITATING A SMALL PLASTIC BAG THROUGH THE PHARYNX AND NOSTRIL

1992 NINE BLACK RHINOS ARRIVE AT THE WESTERN PLAINS ZOO IN NEW SOUTH WALES, AUSTRALIA, ON LOAN FROM THE GOVERNMENT OF ZIMBABWE

1992 THE RHINOCEROS IS INTRODUCED AS AN IMAGE ON THE TEN RAND NOTE IN SOUTH AFRICA

1992 A NORTHERN WHITE RHINO NASIMA DIES AT DVUR KRALOVE ZOO, CZECH REPUBLIC BECAUSE ITS FRONT HORN WAS TRAPPED IN A RESTRAINT 

1994 THE USA PASSES THE RHINOCEROS AND TIGER CONSERVATION ACT

1994 A WHITE RHINOCEROS BRUTALIS IS TRANSFERRED FROM LOVEPARK SAFARILAND IN DENMARK TO ONGAVA GAME RESERVE IN NAMIBIA AFTER CAUSING EXTENSIVE DAMAGE TO FENCES AND CAGES

1995 A CEREMONY IS PERFORMED AT BAYOU WILDLIFE PARK IN TEXAS, USA BY JUDGE MIKE NELSON TO MARRY TWO SOUTHERN WHITE RHINOS, BONNIE AND SHORTY 

1997 COL JAN BREYTENBACH PUBLISHES EDEN’S EXILES, A BOOK THAT REVEALS SADF INVOLVEMENT IN RHINO POACHING AND HORN SALES

1998 TSAVO, A WHITE RHINO CAUGHT IN SOUTH AFRICAN IN 1978 PERFORMS IN THE CIRCUS SIEMONEIT-BARUM, EINBECK, GERMANY

2002: A RHINO HORN STOLEN FROM THE TRANSVAAL MUSEUM IN SOUTH AFRICA

2003 THE NATIONAL MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY OPENS THE NEW KENNETH E. BEHRING FAMILY HALL OF MAMMALS, IN WHICH THE SQUARE-LIPPED RHINOCEROS IS THE ONLY ROOSEVELT SPECIMEN THAT STILL REMAINS ON EXHIBIT

2007 A RHINOCEROS NAMED VINCE IS FOUND WITH THREE BULLETS TO THE HEAD AT THOIRY ZOO, PARIS, ITS HORN REMOVED 

2008 A RHINO HORN IS STOLEN FROM A SPECIMEN AT THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

2010 A BLACK RHINO NAMED PHILA IS SHOT NINE TIMES IN TWO POACHING ATTEMPTS.IT IS TREATED AT JOHANNESBURG ZOO

2011   THERE ARE MORE THAN 20 THEFTS OF RHINO HORN FROM MUSEUM COLLECTIONS IN EUROPE DURING THE FIRST SIX MONTHS OF THE YEAR

2011 A RHINO ESCAPES FROM THE CIRCUS IN THE TOWN OF GOSLAR IN GERMANY

2011 THE HORNIMAN MUSEUM, LONDON, REMOVES ALL RHINO HORNS FROM DISPLAY

2012 THEFT OF A RHINO HEAD IS FOILED BY STAFF AT THE NORWICH CASTLE MUSEUM

2014 A RHINO, PART OF CIRCUS VOYAGE, IS SPOTTED ON THE STREETS OF LUCKENWALDE, GERMANY

2014  40 RHINO HORNS ARE STOLEN FROM A SOUTH AFRICAN PROVINCIAL PARK SAFE, IN THE LARGEST RHINO HORN HEIST IN HISTORY.

2011  TWO 18TH CENTURY RHINO HORNS ARE STOLEN FROM THE MUSEUM OF SCIENCE, UNIVERSITY OF COIMBRA, PORTUGAL

2015 THE RHINOCEROS SONDAICUS POPULATION IS 44

2015  THE DICERORHINUS SUMATRENSIS POPULATION IS 100

2015  THE RHINOCEROS UNICORNIS POPULATION IS 3 300

2015  THE DICEROS BICORNIS POPULATION IS 5 050

2015 MAFA THE SOUTHERN WHITE RHINO PERFORMS AT THE RUSSIAN STATE CIRCUS

2015  THE CERATOTHERIUM SIMUM POPULATION IS 20 400

2015 NOLA, A 41-YEAR-OLD NORTHERN WHITE RHINO DIES IN SAN DIEGO ZOO, LEAVING THREE IN EXISTENCE

2016 THIRTEEN MEMBERS OF THE DEAD ZOO GANG ARE CONVICTED FOR THE THEFT OF RHINO HORN FROM MUSEUMS

2017 A MOUNTED RHINO HORN IS STOLEN FROM THE UNIVERSITY OF VERMONT’S NATURAL HISTORY COLLECTION

2017 A BILL IS INTRODUCED IN THE USA CONGRESS THAT BANS WILD ANIMALS IN TRAVELLING CIRCUSES

2017 THE LONGEST RUNNING TRAVELLING CIRCUS IN AMERICA, RINGLING BROS. CLOSES AFTER 146 YEARS

2018 SUDAN THE LAST MALE NORTHERN WHITE RHINO (CERATOTHERIUM SIMUM COTTONI) DIES AT OL PEJETA CONSERVANCY IN KENYA

2018 EIGHT OUT OF 14 RHINOS DIE WHILE BEING RELOCATED TO KENYA NATIONAL PARK

1652 COLONIALISM BEGINS IN SOUTH AFRICA WITH THE ARRIVAL OF THE DUTCH

1890 THE COLONIZATION OF ZIMBABWE BEGINS WHEN CJ RHODES VENTURES INTO THE COUNTRY IN SEARCH OF GOLD

1482THE COLONIAL HISTORY OF ANGOLA BEGINS WITH THE APPEARANCE OF THE PORTUGUESE UNDER DIOGO CÃO 

1885 KING LEOPOLD OF BELGIUM ACQUIRES RIGHTS TO A PERSONAL COLONY, THE CONGO FREE STATE

1895 THE BRITISH ESTABLISH THE EAST AFRICA PROTECTORATE (KENYA)

1698 OMANI ARABS CAPTURE CONTROL OF EAST AFRICAN PORTS

1877 THE FIRST OF A SERIES OF BELGIAN EXPEDITIONS ARRIVES ON ZANZIBAR

1894 THE UGANDA PROTECTORATE IS ESTABLISHED UNDER BRITISH RULE

1858 THE RULE OF THE EAST INDIA COMPANY IS TRANSFERRED TO THE CROWN AND QUEEN VICTORIA BECOMES EMPRESS OF INDIA

1505 KING MANUEL I OF PORTUGAL MANUEL I OF PORTUGAL APPOINTS DOM FRANSCISCO DE ALMEIDA AS THE FIRST PORTUGUESE VICEROY IN INDIA, FOLLOWED IN 1509 BY DOM AFONSO DE ALBUQUERQUE 

1811 JAVA IS CAPTURED BY THE BRITISH AND BECOMES A COLONIAL POWER

1596 AN EXPEDITION LED BY CORNELIUS DE HOUTMAN IS THE FIRST DUTCH CONTACT WITH INDONESIA

1603 THE DUTCH EAST INDIA COMPANY ESTABLISHES ITS POWER IN INDONESIA